🇬🇧 Past Tenses
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Past Simple
Коли вживати
+Sub + V2 / V-ed
–Sub + didn't + V
?(Wh) + Did + Sub + V?
I went to University when I was 16.Я вступив до університету, коли мені було 16.
I didn't go to University when I was 16.Я не вступив до університету в 16.
Did you go to University when you were 16?Ти вступив до університету в 16?
We bought a new sofa last weekend.Ми купили новий диван минулих вихідних.
I cooked pasta for dinner yesterday.Я вчора приготував пасту на вечерю.
The kids didn't clean their room.Діти не прибрали свою кімнату.
She called her mom two hours ago.Вона подзвонила мамі дві години тому.
Where did you park the car?Де ти припаркував машину?
We deployed the new version on Friday.Ми задеплоїли нову версію в п'ятницю.
The server crashed last night.Сервер впав минулої ночі.
I didn't write tests for that module.Я не написав тести для того модуля.
She found the bug in five minutes.Вона знайшла баг за п'ять хвилин.
Why did the build fail?Чому впав білд?
Маркери: yesterday, last week/year, ago, in 2020, when I was…, then
Past Continuous
Коли вживати
+Sub + was/were + V-ing
–Sub + wasn't/weren't + V-ing
?Was/Were + Sub + V-ing?
When my mum called me, I was having a meeting.Коли мама мені подзвонила, у мене була зустріч.
I was washing the dishes.Я мив посуд.
I wasn't washing the dishes.Я не мив посуд.
Was I washing the dishes?Я мив посуд?
I was cooking dinner when the lights went out.Я готував вечерю, коли вимкнули світло.
The kids were sleeping at 10 PM.О 22:00 діти спали.
She wasn't listening to me.Вона мене не слухала.
It was raining all evening.Весь вечір ішов дощ.
What were you doing at 8 o'clock?Що ти робив о 8-й?
I was debugging the API when the server went down.Я дебажив API, коли сервер упав.
We were deploying to production at midnight.Опівночі ми деплоїли на прод.
He wasn't answering because he was presenting a demo.Він не відповідав, бо показував демо.
The tests were running while I was writing docs.Тести проганялися, поки я писав документацію.
Were you working on the hotfix yesterday?Ти вчора працював над хотфіксом?
Маркери: at 5 o'clock yesterday, when, while, all evening, at that moment
Past Perfect
Коли вживати
+Sub + had + V3
–Sub + hadn't + V3
?Had + Sub + V3?
Before she went to school, she had got her breakfast.Перш ніж піти до школи, вона поснідала.
She hadn't got her breakfast.Вона не поснідала (до того моменту).
Had she got her breakfast?Вона поснідала (до того)?
When I got home, my wife had already cooked dinner.Коли я прийшов додому, дружина вже приготувала вечерю.
The film had started before we arrived.Фільм почався ще до того, як ми прийшли.
I realized I had left my keys at work.Я зрозумів, що залишив ключі на роботі.
They hadn't seen the sea before that trip.До тієї поїздки вони ніколи не бачили моря.
Had you finished shopping before it rained?Ти встиг закінчити покупки до дощу?
The server had crashed before we got the alert.Сервер упав ще до того, як ми отримали алерт.
I had merged the PR before the review started.Я змерджив PR ще до початку рев'ю.
She hadn't backed up the database before the migration.Вона не зробила бекап бази перед міграцією.
By 9 AM the team had fixed all critical bugs.До 9-ї ранку команда виправила всі критичні баги.
Had you tested it before the release?Ти протестував це до релізу?
Маркери: before, after, already, by the time, by (5 o'clock), when, never … before
Past Perfect Cont.
Коли вживати
+Sub + had + been + V-ing
–Sub + hadn't + been + V-ing
?Had + Sub + been + V-ing?
Before she went to school, she had been doing homework for two hours.Перш ніж піти до школи, вона дві години робила домашнє.
He hadn't been sleeping well before the exam.Перед іспитом він погано спав.
How long had you been waiting when the bus came?Скільки ти вже чекав, коли прийшов автобус?
I had been cleaning all morning, so I was tired.Я прибирав увесь ранок, тому втомився.
We had been living there for 10 years before we moved.Ми прожили там 10 років, перш ніж переїхали.
The baby had been crying for an hour when I came.Дитина плакала вже годину, коли я прийшов.
She hadn't been cooking long when the guests arrived.Вона готувала недовго, коли прийшли гості.
Had it been raining before you left?Ішов дощ до того, як ти вийшов?
I had been debugging for 3 hours before I found the typo.Я дебажив 3 години, перш ніж знайшов опечатку.
The service had been running for months without a restart.Сервіс працював місяцями без перезапуску.
We had been working on the feature since May when it was cancelled.Ми працювали над фічею з травня, коли її скасували.
She hadn't been using Git for long when she joined us.Вона недовго користувалася Git, коли прийшла до нас.
How long had the tests been failing before someone noticed?Скільки часу тести падали, перш ніж хтось помітив?
Маркери: for, since, how long, all day, before, by the time, when
🔒 Passive Voice (Past) — be + V3
Past Simple
was/were + V3
It was written / The bug was fixed
Past Continuous
was/were being + V3
It was being written
Past Perfect
had been + V3
It had been written
📋 Common Irregular Verbs
V1 Infinitive
V2 Past Simple
V3 Past Participle
🇺🇦 Translation
67 дієслів
| V1 | V2 | V3 | 🇺🇦 |
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